Bastrop, the County Seat, is located in the central part of the county has a 1999 estimated population of 5,280. The school enrollment in Bastrop Independent School 10 campuses for the 1999/2000 school year is 6,158 students. The city of Bastrop has numerous historical sites. Bastrop has many churches, recreational facilities including state and city parks, swimming pools, tennis courts, motel, bed and breakfast inns, golf courses, restaurants, and museums. The city of Bastrop has several medical doctors, dentists, eye specialist, home health care providers, nursing homes, and veterinarians. The city also has variety civic groups.

Elgin is located in the north part of the county has an estimated 1999 population of 5,400. Elgin Independent School District has a 1999/2000 enrollment of 2,700 students. The Elgin public school general fund has an annual budget of over sixteen million dollars. Elgin has a library, several churches, medical doctors, dentists, veterinarians, and a nursing home.

Smithville, is located in the southeast area of Bastrop County has 1999 estimated population of 5,000. Smithville Independent School District has a 1999/2000 enrollment of 1,817 students. Smithville has several libraries, churches, a recreation center, parks, tennis courts, restaurants and motels. The city of Smithville has a hospital, various doctors, dentists, veterinarians and one nursing home. The City of Smithville boasts the only airport facility in the county.